Mesothelioma Signs and Symptoms
Mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive type of cancer that develops in the thin protective tissue that lines certain internal organs and body cavities (mesothelium). The most common type is pleural mesothelioma, which affects the lining around the lungs (pleura). Other types include peritoneal mesothelioma, which affects the abdominal lining (peritoneum); pericardial mesothelioma, which affects the fibrous sac that encloses the heart (pericardium); and testicular mesothelioma, which affects the membrane that covers the testes. As mesothelioma progresses, it may spread to lymph nodes and other tissues.
The primary cause of mesothelioma is occupational exposure to asbestos, a group of naturally occurring fibrous minerals that are highly resistant to heat and corrosion. Before the 1980s, asbestos was widely used to strengthen and fireproof building materials, such as concrete, bricks, fireplace cement, pipes and insulation. After scientists confirmed the risks of asbestos, its use was largely phased out in the United States. However, varying levels of asbestos can still be found in old buildings and certain products, such as gaskets and brake pads.
Early warning signs of mesothelioma
If asbestos is inhaled or ingested, its fibers can become lodged in the mesothelium and cause chronic irritation and inflammation. Over several decades, the inflammation can damage the DNA of mesothelium cells, causing them to become cancerous. On average, mesothelioma symptoms develop 20 to 60 years after the first asbestos exposure.
The initial symptoms of mesothelioma can vary depending on the type and location of the tumor. In general, the first warning sign is usually fluid buildup in the affected tissue, such as pleural effusion in the lungs.
Common symptoms of mesothelioma
Early-stage mesothelioma usually causes only mild symptoms, if any. As the tumor grows, it may cause new or worsening symptoms. Because pleural mesothelioma makes up the majority of diagnoses, many common mesothelioma symptoms affect the respiratory system.
What does mesothelioma feel like?
Pleural mesothelioma can cause:
- Persistent dry coughing
- Painful breathing
- Shortness of breath
- Pain in the chest, ribs, shoulders or neck
- Loss of stamina
- Difficulty walking
Peritoneal mesothelioma can cause:
- Abdominal pain and swelling
- An uncomfortable feeling of fullness
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Vomiting
- Hernia
- Night sweats
Pericardial mesothelioma can cause:
- Heart palpitations
- Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)
- Heart murmur
- Chest pain
- Shortness of breath, especially when lying down
Because testicular mesothelioma is exceedingly rare, researchers have not yet conclusively linked it to specific symptoms. However, it may cause swelling and fluid accumulation in one or both testicles.
All four types of mesothelioma share some common symptoms, including:
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Nausea
- Loss of appetite
- Unintended weight loss
What does mesothelioma look like?
In imaging tests, such as X-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, mesothelioma may appear as an abnormal mass or growth in the affected area of the body.
Symptoms of advanced mesothelioma
As mesothelioma progresses, its symptoms tend to worsen. Possible signs of advanced mesothelioma include:
- Severe chest or abdominal pain
- Difficulty breathing
- Overwhelming exhaustion
Frequently asked questions (FAQs) about mesothelioma signs and symptoms
The following FAQs-related article provides additional information about mesothelioma signs and symptoms:
Benefit from world-class care at Moffitt Cancer Center
Moffitt is home to a specialized mesothelioma program. The multispecialty team in our Mesothelioma Research and Treatment Center welcomes individuals who are experiencing mesothelioma symptoms, seeking a second opinion on a mesothelioma diagnosis or exploring their treatment options.
If you would like to learn more about mesothelioma signs and symptoms, you can request an appointment with a specialist in our Mesothelioma Research and Treatment Center by calling 1-888-663-3488 or submitting a new patient registration form online. We do not require referrals.