Thyroid Cancer Signs and Symptoms
If you or a loved one is noticing changes in your neck, learning about thyroid cancer symptoms can help bring some peace of mind. In its earliest stages, thyroid cancer rarely causes any noticeable signs. In fact, many people discover it unexpectedly during a routine annual physical or a scan for an unrelated health issue. As a tumor grows, it might cause more obvious changes, such as a new lump, a raspy voice, or mild throat discomfort. Most neck lumps turn out to be completely harmless and non-cancerous, but knowing what to look for helps you make informed decisions about your care.
Quick Facts: Thyroid Cancer Signs & Symptoms
- No early signs: Early-stage thyroid cancer usually does not cause symptoms. Doctors often find it during a standard checkup or on an imaging test for a different condition.
- A lump in the neck: The most frequent early sign is a firm, painless lump or swelling at the front of the neck, typically right below the Adam's apple.
- Voice and throat changes: A growing thyroid nodule can press against the windpipe or esophagus, which can lead to a persistently hoarse voice, difficulty swallowing, or shortness of breath.
- Advanced symptoms: If the cancer spreads to the nearby lymph nodes or other areas, it can cause continuous neck and ear pain, a constant cough, or unexplained weight loss.
What does thyroid cancer feel like?
In addition to a lump, other thyroid cancer symptoms that can be felt include:
- A sensation of fullness in the throat
- Vocal hoarseness
- Difficulty swallowing or breathing
- Persistent neck or throat pain
- Coughing unrelated to a respiratory infection
"Moffitt’s doctors tell you everything you need to know but they let you make the decisions that best suit your lifestyle."
Jeanine, Thyroid Cancer Patient
Request an AppointmentWhat does thyroid cancer look like?
Thyroid cancer most often appears as a visible lump or a localized swelling on one side of the neck. This lump typically sits under the skin, moves up and down slightly when you swallow, and does not cause the surrounding skin to turn red or look irritated.
Symptoms of advanced thyroid cancer
If cancerous cells break away from the primary tumor in the thyroid, they can potentially enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system, circulate throughout the body and spread (metastasize) to distant organs and tissues.
The most common metastasis sites for thyroid cancer are the lungs, liver and bones. Depending on the part of the body affected, metastatic thyroid cancer may cause additional symptoms, such as:
- Localized pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Unintended weight loss
Is hyperthyroidism a symptom of thyroid cancer?
Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland overproduces the hormone thyroxine, which controls the body’s metabolic rate. Common symptoms of an overactive thyroid include weight loss, rapid or irregular heartbeat, nervousness, sweating and tremors.
Although studies suggest that up to 20% of people who are diagnosed with thyroid cancer also have hyperthyroidism, it is not considered to be a primary symptom of thyroid cancer.
Frequently asked questions (FAQs) about thyroid cancer signs and symptoms
The following FAQs-related articles provide additional information about thyroid cancer signs and symptoms:
- How does thyroid cancer affect the body?
- How do you know if you have a thyroid problem?
- When does metastatic thyroid cancer show symptoms?
Benefit from world-class care at Moffitt Cancer Center
If you have questions about the signs and symptoms of thyroid cancer, you can request an appointment with a specialist in Moffitt’s comprehensive Endocrine Program by calling 1-888-663-3488 or submitting a new patient registration form online. Virtual visits are available for patients in Florida. We do not require referrals.
