Gallbladder cancer forms in the inner lining of the gallbladder, a small, pear-shaped organ located under the liver on the right side of the abdomen. The gallbladder stores and releases bile, a fluid produced by the liver that aids digestion by breaking down fatty foods. As the tumor grows, it may spread beyond the gallbladder to nearby tissues or metastasize to distant organs.

In its early stages, gallbladder cancer usually produces few noticeable symptoms, if any. Due to the small size of the gallbladder and its location deep within the abdomen, a tumor can be difficult to detect. For these reasons, gallbladder cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Late-stage gallbladder cancer can be challenging to treat, highlighting the importance of early detection.

Overall, gallbladder cancer is relatively rare. While it affects people of all ages, it is most frequently diagnosed in adults.

man speaking to doctor about gallbladder symptoms

Early warning signs of gallbladder cancer

The first warning signs of gallbladder cancer are often subtle and nonspecific, such as abdominal pain and bloating. As the tumor grows, the symptoms typically become more pronounced.

Common symptoms of gallbladder cancer

The symptoms of gallbladder cancer can be similar to those of gallstones, a common and benign condition characterized by the buildup of hardened pieces of excess bile in the gallbladder. Like cancer, gallstones can sometimes cause inflammation of the gallbladder. However, cancer is a more serious condition that requires prompt medical attention.

What does gallbladder cancer feel like?

The physical sensations associated with gallbladder cancer can vary depending on the stage and location of the tumor. As the cancer progresses, it may cause constant or intermittent pain, particularly in the upper right side of the abdomen. Some patients describe a dull ache, while others experience sharp, stabbing pain.

Gallbladder cancer can also cause nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and an uncomfortable feeling of fullness, especially after eating.

What does gallbladder cancer look like?

The first visible sign of gallbladder cancer is often a yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes (jaundice). If a gallbladder tumor grows large enough to block a bile duct, it may interfere with the flow of bile and allow bilirubin to build up in the blood. A yellow pigment produced by the liver, bilirubin is normally excreted in bile and urine. However, if a bile duct obstruction causes bilirubin to build up in the blood, it can cause jaundice.

A bile duct obstruction can also cause noticeable changes in the color of the urine and stool. The urine may become darker in color due to the resulting buildup of bilirubin, while the stool may appear greasy and lighter in color if bile is prevented from reaching the intestines.

Other symptoms of gallbladder cancer

Some less common signs of gallbladder cancer include:

Unintended weight loss
Fever
Weakness and fatigue
Itchy skin

Symptoms of advanced gallbladder cancer

As gallbladder cancer advances, its symptoms typically become more severe. For instance, the associated abdominal pain may worsen and radiate toward the back or shoulder blades. Sometimes, a mass can be felt on the right side of the abdomen due to gallbladder enlargement, swelling or bile buildup.

If cancerous cells break away from the primary tumor and enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system, they can travel throughout the body and metastasize to distant organs and tissues. Depending on the site of metastasis, advanced gallbladder cancer may cause:

Bone pain, if the cancer has spread to the bones
Shortness of breath, if the cancer has spread to the lungs
Neurological symptoms, if the cancer has spread to the brain

Frequently asked questions (FAQs) about gallbladder cancer signs and symptoms

The following FAQs-related articles provide additional information about gallbladder cancer signs and symptoms:

Benefit from world-class care at Moffitt Cancer Center

Moffitt is a high-volume cancer center, and our physicians have opportunities to diagnose and treat many patients with gallbladder cancer and other uncommon gastrointestinal tumors. The multispecialty team in our Gastrointestinal Oncology Program provides a comprehensive range of diagnostic services, treatment options, clinical trials and supportive care services. Our unparalleled clinical expertise, combined with our advanced treatment technologies and personalized approach to care, helps to ensure that each patient can achieve the best possible outcome and quality of life.

If you would like to learn more about gallbladder cancer signs and symptoms, you can request an appointment with a specialist in our Gastrointestinal Oncology Program by calling 1-888-663-3488 or submitting a new patient registration form online. We do not require referrals.

Gallbladder Cancer